Notes 21-25
- 21. Provisions for liabilities and charges
- 22. Share-based payments
- 23. Provision for post-employment benefits
- 24. Risk management policies
- 25. Financial instruments
25. Financial instruments
Currency derivatives
The Group utilises currency derivatives to hedge significant future transactions and cash flows and the exchange risk arising on translation of the Group's investments in foreign operations. The Group is a party to a variety of foreign currency derivatives in the management of its exchange rate exposures. The instruments purchased are primarily denominated in the currencies of the Group's principal markets.
At 31 December 2007, the fair value of the Group's currency derivatives is estimated to be a net liability of approximately £7.2 million (2006: £7.2 million asset). These amounts are based on market values of equivalent instruments at the balance sheet date, comprising £50.3 million (2006: £32.1 million) assets included in trade and other receivables and £57.5 million (2006: £24.9 million) liabilities included in trade and other payables. The fair value movement of currency derivatives during the year that are designated and effective as net investment hedges amounts to £6.7 million (2006: £22.9 million) and has been charged to and deferred in equity.
Changes in the fair value relating to the ineffective portion of the currency derivatives amounted to £7.0 million (2006: £1.3 million, 2005: £4.4 million) which has been charged to finance costs for the year. This charge resulted from a £19.2 million loss on hedging instruments and a £12.2 million gain on hedged items.
The Group currently designates its foreign currency-denominated debt and cross-currency swaps as hedging instruments against the currency risk associated with the translation of its foreign operations.
At the balance sheet date, the total nominal amount of outstanding forward foreign exchange contracts not designated as hedges was £412.6 million. The Group estimates the fair value of these contracts is £1.5 million.
These arrangements are designed to address significant exchange exposure and are renewed on a revolving basis as required.
Interest rate swaps
The Group uses interest rate swaps as hedging instruments in fair value hedges to manage its exposure to interest rate movements on its borrowings. Contracts with nominal values of €200 million have fixed interest receipts at 6.00% up until June 2008 and have floating interest payments averaging EURIBOR plus 2.185%. Contracts with a nominal value of €1,300 million have fixed interest receipts of 4.96% up until July 2013 and have floating interest payments averaging EURIBOR plus 0.90%. Contracts with a nominal value of €100 million have fixed interest payments of 5.56% until June 2014 and have floating rate receipts averaging LIBOR plus 0.96%.
Contracts with a nominal value of £200 million have fixed interest receipts of 6.00% up until April 2017 and have floating rate payments averaging LIBOR plus 0.64%.
The fair value of interest rate swaps entered into at 31 December 2007 is estimated to be a net asset of approximately £0.4 million (2006: £0.1 million). These amounts are based on market values of equivalent instruments at the balance sheet date, comprising £22.7 million (2006: £8.2 million) assets included in trade and other receivables and £22.3 million (2006: £8.1 million) liabilities included in trade and other payables.
Changes in the fair value relating to the ineffective portion of interest rate swaps amounted to £0.1 million (2006: £1.3 million, 2005: nil) which has been charged to finance costs for the year. This charge resulted from a £2.3 million gain on hedging instruments and a £2.4 million loss on hedged items.
An analysis of the Group's financial assets and liabilities by accounting classification is set out below:
| Derivatives in designated hedge relationships |
Held for trading |
Loans & receivables |
Available for sale |
Amortised cost |
Carrying value |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | |
| 2007 | ||||||
| Other investments | – | – | – | 268.6 | – | 268.6 |
| Cash and short-term deposits | – | – | 2,040.2 | – | – | 2,040.2 |
| Bank overdrafts and loans | – | – | – | – | (1,585.9) | (1,585.9) |
| Bonds and bank loans | – | – | – | – | (1,740.0) | (1,740.0) |
| Trade and other receivables: amounts falling due within one year |
– | – | 5,219.1 | – | – | 5,219.1 |
| Trade and other receivables: amounts falling due after more than one year |
– | – | 72.6 | – | – | 72.6 |
| Trade and other payables: amounts falling due within one year |
– | – | – | – | (5,883.0) | (5,883.0) |
| Trade and other payables: amounts falling after more than one year |
– | – | – | – | (12.6) | (12.6) |
| Derivative assets | 73.0 | 5.5 | – | – | – | 78.5 |
| Derivative liabilities | (79.8) | – | – | – | – | (79.8) |
| Share repurchases – close period commitments |
– | (64.8) | – | – | – | (64.8) |
| Liabilities in respect of put options |
– | (82.0) | – | – | – | (82.0) |
| (6.8) | (141.3) | 7,331.9 | 268.6 | (9,221.5) | (1,769.1) | |
| Derivatives in designated hedge relationships |
Held for trading |
Loans & receivables |
Available for sale |
Amortised cost |
Carrying value |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | £m | ||
| 2006 | |||||||
| Other investments | – | – | – | 136.5 | – | 136.5 | |
| Cash and short-term deposits | – | – | 1,663.7 | – | – | 1,663.7 | |
| Bank overdrafts and loans | – | – | – | – | (1,260.6) | (1,260.6) | |
| Bonds and bank loans | – | – | – | – | (1,217.7) | (1,217.7) | |
| Trade and other receivables: amounts falling due within one year |
– | – | 4,443.5 | – | – | 4,443.5 | |
| Trade and other receivables: amounts falling due after more than one year |
– | – | 71.7 | – | – | 71.7 | |
| Trade and other payables: amounts falling due within one year |
– | – | – | – | (4,758.4) | (4,758.4) | |
| Trade and other payables: amounts falling after more than one year |
– | – | – | – | (3.7) | (3.7) | |
| Derivative assets | 40.3 | 3.7 | – | – | – | 44.0 | |
| Derivative liabilities | (33.0) | – | – | – | – | (33.0) | |
| Liabilities in respect of put options |
– | (79.9) | – | – | – | (79.9) | |
| 7.3 | (76.2) | 6,178.9 | 136.5 | (7,240.4) | (993.9) | ||
The fair value of financial assets and liabilities are based on quoted market prices where available. Where market value is not available, the Group has estimated relevant fair values on the basis of publicly available information from outside sources or on the basis of discounted cashflow models where appropriate.